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AI & Engineering Academics›🌿 AI Sprouts›Lessons›Embeddings and Vector Databases - How AI Understands Meaning
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AI Sprouts • Intermediate⏱️ 16 min read

Embeddings and Vector Databases - How AI Understands Meaning

Public lesson preview

Explore how AI represents words and sentences as vectors in high-dimensional space, enabling semantic search, recommendations, and RAG.

Programme
AI Sprouts
Level
Intermediate
Reading time
16 min read

Learning objectives

By the end of this lesson, you will understand:

  • ✓The Problem with One-Hot Encoding
  • ✓Word Embeddings - Meaning as Geometry
  • ✓Word2Vec - King − Man + Woman = Queen
  • ✓Embedding Dimensions
  • ✓From Words to Sentences

Lesson outline

  1. The Problem with One-Hot Encoding
  2. Word Embeddings - Meaning as Geometry
  3. Word2Vec - King − Man + Woman = Queen
  4. Embedding Dimensions
  5. From Words to Sentences
  6. Measuring Similarity - Cosine Similarity
  7. Vector Databases - Search by Meaning
  8. RAG - Retrieval-Augmented Generation
  9. Practical Applications
  10. Key Takeaways
  11. 📚 Further Reading

Introductory preview

After tokenisation, each token is just a number - an index in a vocabulary. But index 4,821 tells the model nothing about meaning . How does AI know that "king" and "queen" are related, or that "bank" can mean a riverbank or a financial institution? The answer is embeddings .

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